![]() Conversely, effective treatment of sleep disorders and nightmares may lead to a clinically significant decrease in PTSD symptoms during the day. Disturbed sleep may also persist despite the improvement of other PTSD symptoms, which may promote the maintenance of PTSD over the course of the disorder. Pronounced sleep disturbances in PTSD also represent an important prognostic factor for the outcome, as they may increase the severity of the condition and thus, significantly impair quality of life and daily functioning, in addition to increasing risk of alcohol and drug misuse. In addition, insomnia symptoms that occur immediately after a trauma may be predictive for PTSD. It has also been shown that pretraumatically disturbed sleep may be a risk factor for later developing PTSD. ![]() This relationship between PTSD and sleep disorders is suggested to be bidirectional. Studies in recent years have expanded upon the classic model of PTSD namely in considering sleep disorders as symptoms of PTSD insofar as sleep seems to be of major importance regarding the development and course of the disorder. Whether early sleep interventions exert a preventive effect on the development of PTSD remains to be clarified in future studies. Effective therapy for sleep disturbances may consequently also improve well-being during the day and probably even the course of PTSD. For nondrug interventions, challenges arise from the current lack of PTSD-treatment concepts integrating sleep- and trauma-focused therapies. However, there is little empirical evidence on the effectiveness of long-term drug treatment for insomnia and nightmares. The complex etiology and symptomatology of trauma-related sleep disorders with frequent psychiatric comorbidity require the application of multimodal treatment concepts, including psychological and pharmacological interventions. In addition, sleep disorders, such as sleep-related breathing disorders and parasomnias are frequent comorbid conditions. Polysomnographic measurements reveal alterations of the sleep architecture and fragmentation of rapid eye movement sleep. With regard to sleep quality, insomnia and nocturnal anxiety symptoms, as well as nightmares and stressful dreams, are the most prominent sleep symptoms. The relationship seems to be bidirectional, and persistent disturbed sleep may influence the course of the disorder. Sunday and Thursday, 4.00 to 4.30pm, except the first Sunday in the month.Sleep disorders and nightmares are core symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Listen to the latest edition online or browse the interviews. Mariella Frostrup with news from the world of books. Weekdays, 7 - 7.15pm and the Omnibus on Sunday, 10.00 - 11.15am. Pan and zoom through the entire village, discover more about the locations and characters. The requested URL /cgi-bin/radio4/archers/todays_ was not found on this server. Win a CD copy of the Treasure Planet soundtrack released this week. Back Row talks to its resident film historian John Huntley, writer Kim Newman and Kurt Wimmer, the director of Equilibrium.Īntonia Quirke's guide to Norwegian cinema. This is not the first time film-makers have taken the idea of emotionless individuals. Next weekend sees the release of Equilibrium a film set in a futuristic, totalitarian state where all emotion is outlawed, punishable by death, banned as the very root of crime and war. Joe Cornish talks to Natasha Richardson about her latest role in Maid in Manhattan. Join in the discussion by visiting the message board. Joe Cornish present the weekly film programme. BBC Radio 4 - Back Row - Todd Haynes, Joe Cornish
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